A Book Review on ‘A Man on the Moon’ Essay

Not all great authors can come up great educational book such as Andrew Chaikin’s ‘A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts’. Moreover, not all true-to-life-stories writers are lucky to deliver such factual account having first-hand information gained through interviews. As Chaikin have provided necessary details such as scientific technicalities, knowledge and feelings involved, running down from the role of politics, biographies, competitions, emotions, failures, accomplishments, trials, motives, sacrifices, faults, private thoughts and comments, up to the extent of constructing the blueprint, plans and programs of planetary explorations, his readers might not just be well-informed about it but completely aware of the ins and outs of manned space flight and landing on the moon. See more:Â  The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis Essay In this book, what the author wants is to expose most of the elements of the Apollo missions that only few people could know. He makes it possible as he did a thorough investigation of his craft. Doing a series of in-depth interviews to almost hundred percent of the people behind the Apollo missions especially the twenty four moon voyagers is never easy. Likewise, pretending that the time doing the interview is dramatically inflict as it is makes his audience feel very closely enough to the scenario if not apprehensively feel updated. Hence, to be hooked in this astonishing book is nothing but normal. The main argument of the author is set to make available for everyone his own discovery of the profound history behind the historical explorations and discoveries from the initial first manned flight of the Apollo 8 around the moon’s vicinity in 1961 to the successful first landing on the moon of the Apollo 11 in 1972 and even beyond that as he reveals reflections of the sixth landing on the moon of the Apollo 17, which is also the last landing as of today. This thesis is well-supported by first-hand interviews, academic reviews, scientific approach, and the legal and technical aspects which played very important roles in the Apollo missions’ golden age and its declination. Writing his work in a very comprehensible approach for easy reading and understanding of every historical detail paints the colorful adventures and voyages of every man and events behind the mission. Thus, it could also serve as a very rich reference for any research about space technology. Having been read ‘A Man on the Moon’ inspires me not to stop believing of my every potential. As Chaikin discloses man’s unlimited discoveries once ignite and properly supported of external factors, enlightens young minds to seek for the infinity. However, knowing that the final landing, as written on the book, happened decades ago can trigger the notion of stopping one’s eagerness to dream and explore. Personally, I could say that the book is not just a thought-provoking one but heart-stopping as well. With those vivid illustrations of the interviewees that are intelligently interpreted and written by the author, it could make me feel as if I myself have competed for the moon’s flight seat or even touched moon’s face. Therefore, making me feel reviving my innermost interest to liberate my wildest dream of becoming an astronaut is the best proof that this book is truly an amazing masterpiece. R E F E R E N C E Chaikin, Andrew. A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Atronauts. New York: Penguin, 1998.

A Divided World and a Divided Self

Synge’s Playboy of the Western World is essentially a play of opposites. The tension between tradition and individualism is the active force that drives the characters toward the comic conflict.Shawn and Christy embody the masculine half of this equation while Pegeen Mike and the widow Quinn exemplify the feminine. Interestingly, the conflicts of the characters in isolated situations throw a brighter light on their motives than when secondary characters are present in the scene.While much of the play’s actual humor derives from the chorus-like responses of subordinate characters (notably when the pub patrons question Christy about his father’s supposed murder), the inner lives of the four main characters are explored in greater detail in direct dialogue exchanges.For this reason, it is important to consider Playboy of the Western World as a psychological as well as a social inquiry into the early 20th century Irish mind.The moral, social and familial institutions at work in the lives of the characters are inseparable from the behavior of the characters themselves and their behavior, in turn, affects the ways they perceive and challenge the institutions that establish a collective social identity. Synge’s satire, then, is fundamentally subversive. By undercutting a prevalent strain of Irish romanticism Synge effectively exposes the difference between the real and the ideal in Irish opinions about their own history and customs.The influence of religion is at the heart of Synge’s concern. Shawn’s reluctance to stay with Pegeen Mike overnight testifies to his fear of the priest’s, and by extension, the community’s censure. This is confirmed when he admits, â€Å"I'm afeard of Father Reilly; and what at all would the Holy Father and the Cardinals of Rome be saying if they heard I did the like of that?† Shawn is unable to take the passionate leap in terms of his affection for Pegeen Mike, being overly con cerned with outward appearances.Though his presence at the pub overnight will not be breaching social etiquette in any way immediately revealed by the opinions of the pub house patrons, he worries about the possibility that some vague â€Å"other† will entertain harsh opinions. For this reason, Shawn is repeatedly unable to take a stand for what he purportedly desires—marriage to Pegeen Mike.While religion is key, Shawn also demonstrates a pronounced avoidance to action of any kind. He is fearful of what he perceives as Christy’s passionate and unpredictable nature. The threat of violence is abhorrent to Shawn. However, his pacifism is not the result of moral objection but rather a product of physical cowardice.Christy, in contrast, is not concerned with the price of taking extreme action. Despite his meek exterior, his story of parricide is told with earnest, and he behaves first in such a way that he seems shell shocked by committing the murder. Later, of cour se, this turns into something else, when he begins to celebrate his action as proof as his own manliness.This is an important turn in the play because he moves from a fear of the social judgment of his illegal and immoral action into a defiant assertion of his own individualism. This shift occurs because he senses the positive (and perverse) effect his reputation as a murder has on the members of the community in general and on Pegeen Mike in particular.Once Christy recognizes the advantages he has when perceived as â€Å"dangerous† he quickly adopts a romantic and celebratory posture. His pride in the matter is exactly what sets him up for his serio-comic fall when his father, the elder Mahon, appears miraculously â€Å"raised† from the dead.Another pair of characters defined by their opposing views is that of Pegeen Mike and the Widow Quin. Their pronounced division is related to domesticity. While the Widow Quin is perceived as an outsider and generally shunned by t he community, she is more of a realist. This is evidenced when Mahon arrives and the widow does not reject Christy as a potential love interest.As an older and more mature woman, the Widow Quin is not as easily swayed by the romantic appeal Christy’s story of murder offers. She is more interested in his companionship and status as a help-mate. She is eminently practical.Pegeen Mike, however, is far different. For the twenty year old barmaid, the idea of a savage killer for a husband is alluring. Shawn’s proposal disgusts her when compared to that of Christy because he lacks the essential brutishness that defines her idea of an appropriate mate.Consider the hastiness of her words when she says, â€Å"Wouldn't it be a bitter thing for a girl to go marrying the like of Shaneen, and he a middling kind of a scarecrow, with no savagery or fine words in him at all?† She is not concerned with the pragmatic reality of what it means to be married to a man who has defied t he law. Her head is full of high romance and flattered by Christy’s sentimentally poetic use of language.

Meeting of minds Essay

In what ways does this scene represent 2 characters crossing boundaries and understanding each other – a meeting of minds?  The scene automatically has a sense of irony, as both Yolland and Maire both cannot understand a word each other is saying, this means communication was needed to be made in an alternate way, these ways are through the use of identifiable feelings and emotions, as well as paralanguage to indicate the feelings and emotions that the character is trying to express. Throughout their conversation, it would seem unlikely to a person who has just picked up the book that Yolland and Maire do not speak the same language, and therefore cannot fathom what each other is trying to say. This is due to the similarities of speech between the two of them; they always seem to have a vague understanding about what the other person is trying to say. An indication of this is where Maire says, † The grass must be wet. My feet are soaking.† straight after Yolland points out, † The grass must be wet your feet are soaking.† It is clear to see the similarities in their speech, although the context is just flipped around, but apart from that it is almost identical. Emphasising this collision, linguistically speaking, is the stage directions, expressing the characters body movement. The way they seem very immature when they realise they are holding hands, then immediately disengage and move apart. Another way that they can be seen as immature is through the basic communication, such as pointing. Knowing that the other person cannot understand what they are saying might be a factor in the characters lexis, especially regarding Yolland where he says â€Å"I’ve been watching you night and day for the past†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because if Yolland was to say this to Maire and she understood it, she could take it two very different ways, and decide that in fact Yolland is a bit weird. Without the aid of a similar language the characters find another way to communicate, which involves Maire saying English words, which she knows, and Yolland encouraging her, â€Å"Yes-yes? Go on- go on- say anything at all- I love the sound of your speech.† This shows although they cannot understand each other Yolland is fixated by Maire, and there is this chemistry, a bond between them, which they both know, are there but just can’t explain it to each other. The communication between the two of them become so intense that Yolland starts reeling of whole sentences, without realising that Maire does not have a clue what he is on about, she just stares at him unknowingly and wondering. It becomes clear that they need some common ground to try to relate with each other this occurs, when Yolland starts saying Irish place names, Maire reciprocates and this carries on as though they are flirting, which leads them back to the way they were, when they ran together, as once again they were holding hands, at this point they exchange their raw feelings without the satisfaction of being understood, they hold each other and tremble in one another’s arms, the lexis leading up to the kiss is very heated, there is a mutual understanding of the word ‘always’ I believe this to be significant as this is one of the final words before they kiss it just shows the compassion they hold for each other. Unquestionably above everything the connection is a meeting of minds as the only way of really communicating was through paralanguage, and the fact that they are very similar people, with similar thoughts and feelings, about the way they act, the way they speak, and the way they feel for each other. In a way their relationship could be seen as an example to be followed, as if individual Irish and English people can get along and fall in love, what’s to say England and Ireland should not at least be able to tolerate each other. Yolland and Maire, by not understanding verbally, will have an extremely deep understanding of each other mind, in turn this may lead to a significantly compassionate relationship, or just a passing phase, however I believe there is a meeting of minds, and the kiss only emphasises the coming together of these two foreign bodies into one.

Consumer Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Consumer Protection - Essay Example This Project Plan suggests that it becomes necessary to consider pragmatic and appropriate research question and during the course of deliberations this needs to be translated into achievable ends. Also, the enlightenment gained from appropriately decided case laws also needs to be included to substantiate arguments and underline facts. Besides, various sections in which this subject is dealt with also need to form a part of this paper. (Press summary, 2009). â€Å"The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (UTCCRs) protect consumers against unfair standard terms in contracts they make with traders. The Office of Fair Trading, together with certain other bodies, can take legal action to prevent the use of such terms.† (Unfair terms in consumer contracts, n.d.). It is necessary to conduct a study of this kind in order to assess the unfair terms that are often being enforced as pre-determined statements without being deliberated with the concerned consumers, who are thus placed at a detriment, due to the arbitrary and high handed dealings of producers of goods and services. Besides, it is also necessary to consider and apply necessary legal remedies if and when unfair terms are forced upon unwitting consumers. In order to understand these aspects in their proper perspectives, it is necessary to under the basics of these terms. According to the Unfair Terms in the CCR 99, if terms and conditions of business have not been individually dealt with and discussed and any decision has been reached without due negotiations with affected consumers; it could be said to be coming within the realms of being â€Å"unfair terms.† (Statutory instrument 1999 No. 2083. 1999). Besides this, the terms have been pre-determined without taking the concerned consumers into confidence. As a result of which the consumer may have to suffer detriment. It could correctly be said that unfair terms have been incorporated in the agreement which creates disadvantages for the consumers.

Challenge facing the electric utility industry Scholarship Essay

Challenge facing the electric utility industry - Scholarship Essay Example As stated by the American Council For an Energy Efficient Economy, spending of various utilities in the United States has increased from $1.6 billion in 2006 to around $5.9 billion. Reserves from energy efficiency programs amounted to close to 22.9 million MWh in 2011. This was a 20% increase from 2010. Energy efficiency programs have been supported by utilities as they are cheaper than building power lines and plants. Electric sales are not increasing because many businesses and individuals are using solar panels. According to the Interstate renewable Energy Council, in 2008, photovoltaic installations increased from around 1,000 MW to 7,250 MW. These installations are reducing electric sales. Usage of solar is expected to increase as the prices are dropping. Over the years, demand growth on improved efficiency has been reducing. According to the Energy Information Administration, they expect demand to grow in the United States by 0.9% only yearly through 2040. Consumption of electricity reduced when Americas economy was in recession. Utilities in the U.S. are spending billions in new transmission lines and pollution control projects. An increase in demand growth would assist the utilities in spreading the costs across an increasing customer base. Howland, Ethan. â€Å"The four greatest challenges utilities face in 2014.† Utility Dive. 9 December 2013. Web. 10 March. 2015.

Assignment #7 PKG 381 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

#7 PKG 381 - Assignment Example st part of sustainability is based on reducing the wastes that a company produces to the environment and at the same time changing the company to become completely sustainable in the future. Industries that would have the most positive environmental impact when they are engaged into sustainable practices include oil and gas industries, fertilizer, paper, motor vehicle and other industries that uses chemicals and release chemical wastes to the environment. These industries would have the most positive impact to the environment in case they engage on sustainable practices since through such practices, they will reduce lot of pollution they cause to the environment. At the same time, such industries are known for releasing some of the most harmful gases as well as minerals to the atmosphere. Such gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and others are very harmful when inhaled by humans. At the same time, they form part of the ozone gases that cause the greenhouse effect to our environment, leading to global warming. Heavy metal such as Lead are also released by industries such as fertilizer industries, to the nearby drainages that empty their waters to the water stream s used by humans. Such metals are harmful to human lie as they cause cancerous conditions in

Migration between European countries and their former colonies Term Paper

Migration between European countries and their former colonies - Term Paper Example For migrants, there are rules that they were supposed to follow when in the nations they moved to in which they will also be discussed in the main paper. Generally. This paper will explain migration of the Europeans and their former colonies in details. Introduction Migration refers to the physical movement of individuals from one region to another. This paper will examine the migration between the Europeans countries and their former colonies. In this case, the form of migration undertaken is known as international migration. This refers to the movement of individuals across national borders with the view of remaining in the guest nation for at least one year. This means that citizens of various European countries moved from their motherlands, crossing the borders of other nations to settle there. There are various reasons as to why this migration took place and this is among the issues that will be discussed in the main body of the paper. The research that was carried out to find o ut the reasons why this migration was undertaken and various methodologies were implemented to make the research effective. The methodologies implemented in the research process will also be discussed in the main body of the paper to clearly show implementations used to gather the findings that were reached at the end. After the research, full information is gathered making it possible for the researchers to know why the European countries migrated to other nations and the impacts of this process. In this case, the impacts will also be put into consideration and discussed in details in the paper. These are generally the issues that this paper wishes to discuss in order to provide information of why how and the results of the migration process between the European counties and their former colonies. Literature review Research shows that the European region exhibited two different forms of migration patterns in the twentieth century. Within the first fifty years, Europe was involved i n emigration towards the New World, while the second half of the twentieth century involved immigration patterns. Immigration refers to the movement of people into a different nation in order to have their new settlement schemes there. This gives a clear impression that there are some of the European county citizens who moved to other nations for the purpose of settling there. Coleman explains that the diverse migration movements were undertaken due to a variety of factors. The factors that led to these migration movements include: termination of the cold war, the consolidation of Germany, decolonization, wars and political suppression and the considerable demand of law and unskilled laborers. These reasons give a clear impression that there are many factors that contributed to the migration movements of the European countries. They undertook this practice in order to avoid some problems and make their living standards better by settling in other areas (Coleman 54). The current migr ation movement pattern by the Europeans is due to different factors. These factors include: declining populations due to the higher number of ageing people compared to young people. This gives a clear impression that the economy of the various nations where movements take place has low development rates. This is major because the young people who are energetic enough to provide the required labor force for the

Utopianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Utopianism - Essay Example German intellectuals living in (and hating) the loosely organized Bund provided much of the vocabulary for nationalism, stating that each nation had a particular Volksgeist, or national spirit. They strongly advocated a fierce wave of patriotism. Soon, almost every European language group wanted to have their own nation. Quickly outlawed by reactionary forces, nationalist groups formed secret societies such as the Italian Carbonari and German Buschenschaft. These societies distributed propaganda leaflets and plotted rebellions which later formed a very important part of literature. Often, nationalism combined with other ideological issues, from liberalism to socialism. A natural outcome of Nationalism was Radicalism. Radicalism appeared almost simultaneously in the 1820s in England as the "Philosophical Radicals". They were a principled and unconventional group and consisted partially of workers and partially of industrialists. Their greatest leader was Jeremy Bentham. The Radicals w ere against the church and anti-monarchy. They were generally opposed to traditional ways. They were a force by themselves until 1832, after which they merged with the British Liberals. The European counterpart to Radicalism was usually referred to as Republicanism, which grew out of the French Revolutionary tradition. Republicanism sought complete political equality in the form of universal suffrage. Republicanism also opposed monarchy and the Catholic Church.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - Essay Example There is the sense that the speaker’s development of language determines the way they experience the world and that there are connections to the individual’s identity that foundationally links it to the speaker -- anthropologist Michael Agar compares it to a prison. An example of this version occurs in the text when the author discusses his difficulty learning the Czech time system, as it differed from English in the way parts of the hour were described: in Czech, 9:45 is described as three-quarters of 10:00. He surmises that the Czech people might be more future oriented, indicating an deep, cognitive connection between linguistic culture and the Czech experience of the unfolding world. The ‘weak’ version of the hypothesis offers a less strict connection between the individual and their use of language, but retains the direct connection between the user’s cognitive interpretation of the world and their specific language. The ‘weak’ vers ion is demonstrated in the deictic discussions of the Guugu-Yimidhirr language in northeastern Australia.

Personal Story of Eiman Alhajri Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Story of Eiman Alhajri - Essay Example As early as 1989 when I was in third grade, I used to draw the Arab desert using my brush and watercolours. This was an activity that I derived a lot of pleasure taking part in due to my natural talent. My family had other plans for me as they did not understand why loved drawing and painting. In 1993, my family killed my sense of art when my mother warned me against spending so much time with my brush and watercolours. They wanted me to concentrate on my studies since according to them, was the only way I could achieve success in life. My aunt also contributed to my decision to stop painting my relationship with art saying that I was bound to be a failure in life if I took that path in life.Following the advice of my family, I shifted my concentration to my studies, although secretly, I still loved drawing. School years were smooth with the usual going to school, doing assignments and making friends. Between 2001 and 2004, I joined Higher College of Technology where I had my degree in Finance. In 2003 while still in college, I was officially engaged to the wrong man though it was only after eleven months that I discovered I could not marry him. The relationship did not succeed because I was in the early adult transition. I was still at the point in life where I was still moving from pre-adulthood to my early adulthood years. My transformation into adulthood was still taking place where I was trying to define my place in society and what I wanted in life. I believe my experience in the relationship helped me.... For these reasons, I believe my experience in the relationship helped me a lot as it set the standard for what I wanted in future relationships. Following my graduation from Higher College of Technology with a degree in finance, I decided to dedicate my time to looking for a job. I was lucky to get a job in the year 2005 in a gas company called ADGAS, which is operates in the United Arab Emirates. I was employed in the company until 2009 working as an Assistant Accountant at the finance department. During this time, I needed more challenges in life as I had now taken a more adult role. I was searching within myself for possibilities of better alternative in my life as a believed that I needed something more to feel comfortable in life. Part of my stability in life was having a relationship that might possibly last until marriage. I had my first job and was happy my dreams were coming true, for this reason, I needed someone who would share in my dream. This came true since while still working with 2007 ADGAS gas company, I met a man, and for the second time in my life, I was engaged. He was a good man but after sometimes, we realized we were not compatible and it would benefit both of us if we went our separate ways. The break up made me sad but I told myself it was for the best and I had learned more from it. The year 2009 came with many changes in my life both academically and socially. I decided a change of environment and furthering my education would boost me a lot. The United States presented me with a chance to get a higher degree, and learn more from different people and different culture. In USA, I found many things different from what I was used to in the United Arab Emirates. As I did not speak English, I faced many communication challenges, which

Macbeth a tragic hero Essay Example for Free

Macbeth a tragic hero Essay A Tragic Hero is a common figure in many of Shakespeares works. A Tragic Hero is usually a figure of royalty, fame or greatness. This person is predominately good, but falls from prominence due to personality flaws that eventually lead to self-destruction. Macbeths major flaws are his ambition and impressionability. Due to their flaws, a Tragic Heros actions are often atrocious and cause them to battle with their conscience after their desires have been accomplished. These battles with their conscience evoke empathy from the audience. A Shakespearean Tragic Hero will always lose their life in the end of the play as a result of re-establishment of what is good in the play. In Shakespeares Macbeth, the title figure of the play can be seen as the Tragic Hero. There are many factors which contribute to the decline of Macbeth. The three main factors which contribute greatly to Macbeths degeneration are the prophecies which were told to him by the witches, Lady Macbeths influence and ability to manipulate Macbeths judgment, and finally Macbeths long time ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeths growing character decays from a noble man to a violent individual. When the play begins, Macbeths greatness is already established. Macbeth has already earned the title of Thane of Glamis and will soon become the Thane of Cawdor. The fact that he has these titles demonstrates to the reader that Macbeth is good and an important figure of responsibility. He is also addressed as Valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen. (Shakespeare 1:2 26), Brave Macbeth, well he deserves that name. (Shakespeare 1:2 18) and as Worthy Thane. by King Duncan. They way in which he is addressed by the influential members of his country further informs the reader that Macbeth is respectable. However, after Macbeth interacts with the three witches, his curiosity is stirred by their prophecies, especially their prediction that he will become king. He commits murder in order to fulfill their prophecy and then returns to the three witches a second time for reassurance. The three witches, with the aid of three apparitions, then revealed to Macbeth in Act 5, Scene 1 the following prophecies: Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware the Than of  Fife!Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Be bloody, bold and resolute. Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm MacbethBe lion-mettled, proud and take no care who chafes, who frets or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him. (Shakespeare 4:1 80-107) Because of these predictions, Macbeth believes that no one can harm him. However, this is a false sense of security. Macduff, who was born by a Caesarean section and therefore was not born of woman, ultimately killed Macbeth, thus revealing that the witches predictions were only half-truths. Macbeths good nature is increasingly defeated by one of his major flaws-ambition. His ambition and desire to become king leads Macbeth to take rash and sudden actions that are immoral. This includes ordering the murders of his friend Banquo and his son and Lady Macduff and her children, as well as personally handling the murder of King Duncan. His ambition is also displayed by his willingness to kill anyone who threatens his power. Macbeth is largely influenced not only by the three witches, but by Lady Macbeth as well. Lady Macbeth encourages Macbeth to murder the king, Duncan. She helps plan out the murder and even offers to do it herself. When Macbeth changes his mind and decides not to carry out Duncans murder, Lady Macbeth questions his masculinity and love for her. [We will proceed no further in this business.] From this time such I account thy love. Art thou afeard to be the same in thine act and valor as thou art in desire? Woudst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life and live a coward in thine own esteem, letting I dare not wait upon I would, like the poor cat I th adage?When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be more than you were, you would be so much more than a manThey have made themselves and that their fitness now does unmake you (Shakespeare 1:7 34-62) After Lady Macbeth accuses him of acting like a coward, he agrees to continue with Duncans murder. Macbeth is a prime example of a Shakespearean Tragic Hero. He is represented as a good man who, through his major character flaws- ambition and impressionability- falls from grace. After struggling with his conscience over the evil deeds he had committed throughout the play, Macbeth is killed and the rightful heir to the throne is restored to power.

Learning process in behaviour Essay Example for Free

Learning process in behaviour Essay Learning is a permanent change in behaviour caused by experience. The learner does not need to have the experience directly; we can also learn by observing others . It is an ongoing process. Our knowledge of the world is continually being revised as we are exposed to new stimuli and receiving ongoing feedback that allows us to modify our behaviour when we find ourselves in a similar position again Psychologists who have studied learning have developed advanced therories on the process of learning. Here we will discuss the two major approaches to learning; instrumental and classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning It occurs when a stimulus that elicits a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own. A Russian physiologist , Pavlov introduced classically conditioned learning by pairing a neutral stimulus ( a bell ) with a stimulus known to cause a salivation to dogs ( he squirted dry meat powder). The powder was an unconditioned stimulus because it was capable of causing the response. Over time, the dog has learned to associate the bell with its meat powder and begin to salivate at the sound of the bell only. The drooling of these canine consumers because of a sound now has a linked to feeding time, was a conditioned response ( CR ). This basic of classical conditioning applies to responses controlled by the autonomic and nervous systems. When these cues are consistently paired with a conditioned stimuli such as brand names, we as consumers may feel hungry, thirsty or aroused when later exposed to brand cues. Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the (CS) conditioned and  unconditioned ( UCS ) stimuli have been paired a number of times. Repeated exposures increases the strength of stimulus-response associations and prevent the decay of these associations in memory. Many marketing strategies focus on the establishment of associations between stimuli and responses. Behavioural learning principal applies to many consumer phenomena, ranging from the creation of a distinctive brand image to the perceived linkage between a product and an underlying need. The transfer of meaning from an unconditioned stiulus to a conditioned stimulus explains why made-up brands like Marlboro, Coca-Cola or IBM can exert such powerful effects on consumers. Operant conditioning Over the years behaviourist have carried out operant principals out of the narrow world of the skinner box and into the wider room of society. The use of the operant techniques to help people change unwanted, dangerous, or self-defeating habits in real world settings is called behaviour modification ( applied behaviour analysis ) Behaviour modification has had enormous success, behaviorist have taught parents to toilet train their children in only a few sessions etc. as you can see from everyday world behaviour modificaton is not a science but an art. Operant Conditioning : process of applying the law of effect to control behaviour by manipulating its consequences. Law of effect: behaviour followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is not 4 basic reinforcement strategies is use in operant conditioning; positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement -punishment -extinction Positive reinforcement : the process by which people learn to perform acts leading to such desirable outcomes. Whatever behaviour led to the positive outcome is likely to occur again, thereby strengthening that behaviour by making a pleasant consequences contingent onto its occurrence. Negative reinforcement: Negative reinforcement is the process by which people learn to perform acts that lead to removal of undesired events or unpleasant consequence contingent onto its occurrence. Punishment: administrating of negative consequences or withdrawal of positive consequences that tend to reduce the likelihood of repeating the behaviour in similar settings Extinction: ceasation of previously established reinforcer that is maintaining a behaviour by removal of a pleasant consequence of its occurrence. Positive reinforcement can take many forms. One of the strongest is praise and recognition for the good work. It is good rewards management. It shifts the emphasis and energy of the manger towards a larger number of employees, rather than focus all the attention and time on poorer employees. If done correctly it can make all but the worst employees feel that the organization recognizes and appreciates their effort and contributions. If the desired behaviour is specific in nature and is difficult to achieve , a pattern if positive reinforcement called shaping can be used. Shaping is the creation of a new behaviour by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations leading to the desired behaviour. Negative reinforcement governs a good deal of our behaviour. Some people do  think that it is a reasonable way to manage people at work that is, employees who engage in undesirable behaviour should expect something to happen to them. But there are some difficulties with this approach. First it creates a tens environment ( difficult to work everyday where the main motivation is to prevent unpleasant outcomes ) secondly, relationships often deteriorates when superiors represent a constant threat to be avoided. There can be adverse side effects in using punishment. An action intended to punish may instead be reinforcing because it brings attention -the recepient of punishment often responds with anxiety ,fear or rage -the effectiveness of punishment is often temporay, depending heavily on the presense of the punishing person or circumstances -most misbehaviours is hard to punish immediately thus resutingin the reinforcement of the undesired behaviour -punishment conveys little info Extinction is important and quite commonly used. This strategy decreases the frequency of or weakens the behaviour . The behaviour is not unlearned; it simply is not exhibited. Since the behaviour is no longer reinforced, it will reappear when it is reinforced again. Whereas positive reinforcement seeks to establish and maintain desirable work behaviour, extinction on the other hand is intended to weaken and eliminate the undesirable behaviour Law of contingent reinforcement states for reward to have the maximum reinforcing value ; it must be delivered only if the desired behaviour is exhibited . Secondly, the law of immediate reinforcement states , the more immediate the delivery of a reward after the occurence of a desirable behaviour, the greater the reinforcing value of the reward. Timing of postiove reinforcement; a) the continuous reiforcemnt schedule administers a reqrd each tie a desired behaviour occurs b) b) an intermittent or patila reinforcement schedule rewars a behaviour only periodically. 4 varieties of partial reinforcement schedule a) Fixed interval schedules b)Variable interval schedules c)Fixed ratio schedules c) Variable ratio schedules In general , a mange can expect that the continuous reinforcement will draw a desired behaviour more quickly than will intermittent reinforcement Steps in positive reinforcement program; @identify specific behaviour that are to be changed; must be accurate and reliably observed and then recorded. Behaviour should be measurable and observable. @ determine the links between the target behaviour, its consequences and stimulus condition leading to the beaviour) @develop and set specific behaviour goals for each person and target behaviours @recording process toward the goal @apply appropriate consequences; rewards, punsihmnets,extinction

Leisure Time Activities For Overseas Students

Leisure Time Activities For Overseas Students Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out that leisure time activities have decreased among overseas students after coming to Australia and explored the hypothesis that leisure time activities has decreased among overseas students as compare to their home country. A survey was conducted on 50 students. Participants were selected randomly from the same course and a standard questionnaire was given to the participants. The questionnaires consist of 14 close ended questions. The results showed that overseas students engaged in leisure time activities on weekend in Australia. Where as in the home country they engaged in both. In addition to this, in Australia participants spend their most of time by doing outdoor activities and talking with friends. The result suggests that respondents do not have enough time to do their leisure time activities in Australia as compared to their home country. Universities should provide some activities to student on campus so that they can enjoy leisure a ctivities in college in their spare time. Introduction Leisure time is universal, something that every human being needs. It constitutes a period of free time that may be spent in any manner one chooses. Leisure time activities play a significant role in the daily life of students who have the heavy burden of study. By doing different types of leisure activities, like playing, reading, surfing the internet students achieve a feeling of well being and also gain more knowledge as well as having change in their life. For overseas students leisure time activities help them reduce stress and improve the relationships. Most people agree that leisure time activities hold an important role in student life.ABS (June 2011) showed that in 2011, more than 64% of Australian students aged 15 years and over are more interested in sport activity as it increase physical recreation and social interaction Moreover, Grahme and poyrazli (2007) researcher suggest that financial problems are experienced by majority of international student when they live in other country. In addition to this Barratt and Huba (1994) analysed that international students attempts to make friends and solve problem and improve communication. A lot of research has been conducted on leisure time activity. However, there are serious weaknesses in their results. Previous researcher ABS (2011) and Grahme and poyrazli (2007) have shown problem with Australian and international students they have not compared the what problem or activities has changed among students after they go to study overseas. In addition to this, overseas students face many problems like, language, eduction, and home sickness when they study in other countries. Moreover there was not a fixed aged group or sample for research to prove their hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to find why leisure activities have decreased among international students after coming to Australia and the hypothesis was the leisure time activities decrease among overseas student in Australia as compared to their home country. Methodology On Thursday 1st May 2014, a survey was conducted on 50 students. Who were enrolled in EAP 5 Academic English course at UWS College, Westmead campus. The survey took the form of questionnaire. This was devised and piloted in class with other students. Necessary questions were modified to produce the final version. The questionnaire consisted of 14 close ended questions. The first three were demographic questions where the respondent had to state gender, age and nationality. Whereas the rest of questions were related to time, place and different types of leisure time activities. The participants represented four different nationalities mostly from India. Male and female was participated but the majority were female. All ten EAP 5 classes went to the IELTS centre. Where seats were allocated according to class. Students started distributing their questionnaires EAP5H administrated their questionnaire to classes E, F, G and I and returned to their seats. The whole process lasted 1 hour. . At the end questionnaire was collected then data was collated and converted into percentages for use of further analysis. Results Figure 1 Figure 1 represents days in which participants engage in leisure activities. It is clear seen in Australia that most of students engage in leisure activities on the weekend. However, in home country most of respondents spend their time in weekdays and weekend. There were an equal proportion of participants that engaged during weekdays in their leisure activities in both countries. Thus, in Australia majority of participants engaged in weekend where as in home country they engaged in both days for leisure activities. Figure 2 Figure 2 illustrates the group with whom participants spend their leisure time. It is seen from the graph that in Australia majority of participants spend their leisure time with friends followed by family. On the other hand, in home country equal percentages of participants spend their leisure time with friends and family.5 % participants in Australia spend the leisure time alone as compare to home country. Overall, in home country friends and family is a best group for participants to spend their leisure time as compare to Australia. Figure 3 Figure 3 represents place used for leisure time activities. It is clear from graph that in Australia majority of participant used more outdoor activities and half of them preferred to do indoor activities. However, in home country most of respondent used indoor as well as outdoor activities in their leisure time. Hence, in home country majority of participant do indoor and outdoor activities in their leisure time as compare to Australia. Figure 4 Figure 4 illustrates time for leisure activities to students. It is seen that in Australia most of participants agree that they not have enough time for leisure activities in addition to this only 20% of participants have time to do leisure activities in contrast to that in home country majority of students have enough time for their leisure activities and only list of participants do not have time for leisure activities. Thus, in home country participants have enough time for leisure activities as compare to Australia. Discussion The aim of this research was to find why leisure time activities have decreased among overseas student. The hypothesis supported the study that leisure activities have decreased among international student after they come to Australia. A main finding was mostly consistent with study of Barratt and Huba (1994) they detected that international student attempts to make more friends. This could be because international student do not live with their family so they can express idea and views with friends and it help to solve them problems. A next significant finding was quietly similar with study of ABS (2011) they stated that in Australia student are preferred to do more outdoor activities then indoor .A likely reason for this is, that if they go out and do the activities it have to referees their mine and improve communication by communicating with other people. The finding supports the hypothesis. In the comparison of two countries surveyed. The respondents agreed that they do not have enough time to do leisure activities in Australia and they broadly engage in leisure activities on weekends. A possible reason for this, students have the burden of study and work in weekdays. Whereas in weekend students are free from all and they get more time to do their activities. A significant limitation in this research was that the questions are not well design. The sample size was too small to make generalization and all respondents are from the same college and course. Further studies should be carried out with large sample and survey conducted at different universities to investigate that leisure time activities has change among overseas student. The recommendation of study that universities should provide some different type of activities in campus so student can do in their spare time. Akanki Patel EAP5HPage 1

Anorexia Essay -- essays research papers

Anorexia Nervosa Have you ever felt fat or self-conscious about the way you looked? These are questions that we may ask ourselves everyday, but anorexics ask themselves these questions every minute of everyday. Questions like this haunt an anorexic’s conscience and ruin the way she/he perceives herself/himself. Anorexia is a very dangerous mental illness because it has many life- threatening effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anorexia is not a choice to be made. It is brought on by many pressures to be thin and it clouds one’s ability to see herself/himself as she/he really is, which is usually dangerously thin. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder. Sufferers starve themselves and have extreme weight loss. When starving themselves, anorexics may suffer from terrible hunger pains, but feel rewarded when they can make it through a certain time period, usually a day, then work up to two days and so on. Anorexics are terrified of gaining weight. Food and weight become obsessions. Many of these obsessions may show up in strange eating rituals, such as moving food around their plate and preparing a huge dinner and then refusing to eat any of it. An anorexic’s diet will include restricting her/his total calorie intake to fewer than one thousand calories a day. Many anorexics avoid fattening, high calorie foods and also eliminate meats. Their diet mainly consists of almost completely low-calorie vegetables, such as lettuce and carrots, or popco...

Buffalo Springfield :: folk-rock country-rock

Aside from the Byrds, the only other band that had a tremendous influence on folk-rock and country-rock in the sixties was Buffalo Springfield. They were noted as a key impact upon the counter-culture of the sixties, and their music is symbolic of the turbulence and controversy that surfaced during harsh times of war. The group’s formation was coincidental and legendary. Stephen Stills and Richie Furay were driving on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles in early April 1966, when by chance they pulled up behind a tattered black Pontiac hearse bearing Canada license plates. The car held Neil Young, a Canadian Stills had crossed paths with earlier, and Bruce Palmer, a bass player. The two were on search of their musical dreams when they fused with Stills and Furay, and began to work for status as a rock and roll band. Buffalo Springfield was soon signed with Atco Records, and began producing their self-titled debut album. This record contained the famous song, â€Å"For What It’s Worth,† which transcended pop charts to become an anthem for an entire generation. Their second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, achieved great acclaim for the powerful songs from Stills, Young, and Furay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Buffalo Springfield was established as the best folk-rock band in the sixties, the band was not intact for long. Even with the success that followed their popular albums, problems arose within the members of the group. Particularly, Stills and Young had stubborn, conflicting personalities. This lead to several rearrangements among members of the band. Young would often leave the group for long periods of time, while Palmer fought deportation.

Risk Management Essay -- Investment Business Risk

What is risk? "Simply put, risk is uncertainty. The more risk you take, the more you stand to lose or gain. You cannot expect high returns without taking substantial risks." Tossing a dice, is at basic level a risky endeavor. The outcomes are thrown open to uncertainty. You take risk everytime you act, from crossing the street; to buying a stock. Generally when people talk about risk, they focus on financial risk. In terms of finance, it is the risk that a company or individual could lose some or all of the original investment, possibly resulting in inadequate cash flow to meet financial obligations. The concept of risk is not a simple concept in finance. You cannot make wise investments without first considering risk. To be successful, every investor must be able to identify and understand the types of risk they face across their entire portfolio. Measuring risk is just as important as measuring returns. In the financial world, risk is often expressed as volatility of returns. Volatility measures how variable outcomes are likely to be. Standard deviation is a general statistical measure of volatility. It measures historical variability of returns from their mean. A higher standard deviation implies more variable and uncertain returns. Measuring risk on a portfolio basis shows how well diversified your investments are, where the largest gains and losses are likely to be conc... ...my is in recession, and on what grounds? What actually constitutes a recession, anyway? When a nation's economy enters a recession, is life guaranteed to get harder for most of its citizens?" (http://www.howstuffworks.com/recession.htm) How do you know when you're taking too much risk? Or not enough? Risk is a natural part of this world, and indeed, risk can present great opportunities for those who understand and know how to manage it. Advances in risk management theory have had a tremendous impact on global economic development. Now we have powerful ways to analyze risks and make stable decisions about the future. We can identify and measure different types of risk, and decide which ones to take and which ones to avoid.

All About Me Letter Essay

My favorite sports are football and basketball. I play the recorder. I participated in football for three years and basket ball for one year. I played the recorder for one year in the fourth grade and earned all the belts for each skill level. On the other hand I don’t like to read what so ever, but I’m going to improve my reading this year. I don’t like to read because I fall asleep as soon as I begin to read books. The books that I like are adventurous and action-packed books because they interest me so I won’t fall asleep. These kinds of books stimulate my imagination and help me visualize the story. In order to keep me interested in reading I would like to have audio or graphics books. I did great academically last year as I made A’s and B’s. My academic goals this year are to make straight A’s and to receive scores above 900 on the CRCT. Considering that I do not like to read, it’s hard for me to brainstorm ideas and write an essay. Therefore, I do not think of myself as a good writer, as I prefer digital images to awaken my creativity. The few times that I must write, I like to write narratives about my family vacations in new places. Narratives allow me to express my emotions. Unfortunately, brainstorming ideas causes me to have headaches that turn me off from writing. I hope to learn how to overcome this obstacle and improve my writing skills. In conclusion, you can help me achieve my academic goals by suggesting some action-packed or adventurous book titles for me to enjoy reading. I learn best by following examples and listening to instructions. The activities you can help me with are reading and sentence-structure in writing assignments. I welcome the opportunity to learn from your expertise. Sincerely, Phillip Harrington Phillip Harrington

History of Dentistry Essay

Magic played an important part in the treatment of dental ills, and people of early ages had odd beliefs concerning teeth. The Egyptians believed that the mouse was under the direct protection of the sun, therefore if one had a toothache the split body of a warm mouse was applied to the affected side. In India the cusped of Buddha was enshrined in a famous temple (at Kandi) and prayed to in fertility rites. Prayers were offered up to saints for the relief of pain. St. Apollonia of Alexandria, 249 A.D., was one such saint. She is now the Patron Saint of Dentistry. II. Egyptians and Chinese. The first known dentist was an Egyptian named Hesi-Re (3000 B.C.). He was the chief dentist to the Pharaohs. He was also a physician, indicating an association between medicine and dentistry. In the 5th century B.C. Herodatus, a historian, described the medical art in Egypt: â€Å"The art of medicine is distributed thus: Each physician is a physician of one disease and no more; and the whole country is full of physicians, for some profess themselves to be physicians of the eyes, others of the head, others of the teeth, others of affections of the stomach, and others of more obscure ailments†. Dentistry today is somewhat specialized. The eight specialties are as follows: * 1901 Orthodontics * 1918 Oral Surgery * 1918 Periodontics * 1918 Prosthodontics * 1927 Pedodontics * 1937 Public Health * 1946 Oral Pathology * 1963 Endodontics The first evidence of a surgical operation was found in Egypt. A mandible with  two perforations just below the root of the first molar indicated the establishment of drainage of an abscessed tooth. The approximate date is 2750 B.C. The splinting of teeth also was practiced by Egyptians; evidence by a specimen from Cizeh, 2500 B.C. It shows two molars fastened with heavy gold wire. The Chinese were known to have treated dental ills with knife, cautery, and acupuncture, a technique whereby they punctured different areas of the body with a needle. There is no evidence of mechanical dentistry at that time, 2700 B.C., however. Marco Polo stated that the Chinese did cover teeth with thin gold leafs only as decorations, 1280 A.D. The earliest practice of the prosthetic arts was among the ancient Phoenicians circa 500 B.C. Hammarabi, ruler of all lower Meso-potamia (1760 B.C.), established a state controlled economy in which fees charged by physicians were set. His low code contained two paragraphs dealing with teeth: â€Å"If a person knocks out the teeth of an equal, his teeth shall be knocked out.† â€Å"If he knocks out the tooth of a freed slave, he shall pay one third of a mine.† Teeth were knocked out as a form of punishment among these early people. II. The Greeks, Etruscans and Romans A. The Greeks The contribution of the Greeks was mostly on the medical side. The ancient Greek physician, Aesculapius – 1250 B.C. – gained great frame for medical knowledge and skill. In time he was deified. Apollo was listed as his father. Aesculapius originated the art of bandaging and use of purgatives. He also advocated cleaning of teeth and extractions. Hippocrates (500 B.C.) was supposed to be a descendant of Aesculapius. Hippocrates became famous both as practitioner and writer on medical subjects. He did not believe in magic. He stressed nature’s role in healing. Hippocrates raised the art of medicine to a high level. Also in one of his texts (Peri-Arthron) he devoted 32 paragraphs to the dentition. He appreciated the importance of teeth. He accurately described the technique for reducing a fracture of the jaw and also for replacing a dislocated mandible. He was familiar with extraction forceps for this is mentioned in one of his writings. Aristotle – 384 B.C. – who follows Hippocrates, accurately described extraction forceps and in his book De Partibus Animal Culum devoted a complete chapter to the teeth. He also stated figs and soft sweets produce decay. He called it a putrefactive process instead of fermentative. B. The Etruscans. Etruscans (100 – 400 B.C.) in the hills of Central Italy made the greatest contribution in restorative dentistry. In Italian museums there are numerous specimens of crowns and bridges which were the equal of many made in Europe and America up until 1870 when the dental engine was invented. A very unusual specimen is a bridge constructed about 2500 years ago. This consists of several gold bands fastened to natural teeth and supporting three artificial teeth, two of which are made from a calf’s tooth grooved in the center to appear like two central incisors. Etruscan art, seen at its best in Florence, reflects some oriental influence but essentially it is their own. Conquered in 309 B.C., they were absorbed by the Roman Empire. VII. Founding of Universities and Introduction of Dental Texts Around 1300 universities like those at Paris, Oxford and Bologna were founded and important books made their appearance. One such text, Chirurgia Magna, was written by the famous French surgeon Guy de Chauliac in 1386. In this test he devoted some space to pathology and therapeutics of the teeth. Chauliac was first to coin the term dentator and dentists. The English term dentist came from his original terms. Following Chauliac cam Giovanni de Arcoli in 1400. His opinions and instruments were somewhat modern. His pelican for extraction of teeth was used for years and his root forceps could be used today. He advised good oral cleaning habits and to avoid hot and cold substances and sweet stuffs. He was first to mention filling teeth with gold. IV. Women in Dentistry. The first woman dentist in England was a widow of Dr. Povey – 1719. When he died she took over his practice. The first woman dentist in the United States was Emeline Rupert Jones of Connecticut. She too, took over her husband’s practice after he died. In 1854, soon after they were married, she offered to assist him. He refused, stating that dentistry was no occupation for frail and clumsy fingers. Secretly she filled several hundred extracted teeth and demonstrated her skill to her husband. He then let her operate on a few of his patients. After his death, she took over and practiced for at least 50 years. She was accepted in both the Connecticut State Dental Society in 1893 and National Dental Association in 1914. The honor of being the first woman graduate dentist goes to Dr. Lucy Hobbs, 1865. She graduated from the Ohio Dental College. Creighton University Boyne School of Dental Science: 1. Dr. Ellen Kelley – first woman graduate – 1908. 2. Dr. Marilyn Bradshaw – 1949 Last female graduate until: 3. Dr. Cheri Lewis – 1976 – first woman since Dr. Bradshaw. So as you can see, the history of Dentistry, involving rigorous discoveries and improvements, has come a long way. Entering the dental field is an unpredictable journey within itself.

Followers and Leaders of Animal Farm

Animals on Manor Farm over throw their mean and evil rulers who have overworked and mistreated them. Once the animals get control over the farm they set up slogans and rules the animals must follow in order to have equality and justice on the new farm.The farm is mainly ran by the pigs, who are considered the most intelligent, and also the two main ruler pigs named Snowball and Napoleon. Napoleon uses dogs he took away as pups and trained them to follow his words and also uses them to chase Snowball off the farm. Now Napoleon has complete control over the farm along with the other pigs and the dogs.Napoleon’s number one pig who helps him run the farm the way he likes is named Squealer. Squealer is very persuasive and can manipulate any animal he needs to. The author of the book Animal Farm is named George Orwell and he wrote this story to have a allegorical representation of the Russian Revolution. Orwell shows in this piece of writing that both leaders and followers in a soci ety can act in ways that destroy certain rights such as freedom and equality. One of the followers name is Boxer and this horse believes that everything the pigs say about napoleon is always right.Overall, Napoleon’s right hand pig, Squealer, uses persuasive wording and powerful speeches to manipulate other animals on the farm that Napoleon is always right. In Animal Farm one of the leaders name is Squealer and he is a pig who is very persuasive.The text states, â€Å"The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white. † (pg:16) When George Orwell describes Squealer as being able to â€Å"turn black into white†, he is in fact referring to Squealer's persuasive skill. In other words, Squealer has enough persuasive talent to be able to convince the animals in Animal Farm that black is white or vice-versa.Squealer uses his wonderful way of talking persuasively towards the other animals on the farm. When Squealer does this he is being manipulative words to make the animals think what he wants them to.This effects the equality on the farm because the animals may not realize that they are being cheated out of their rights they originally fought for when they ran the original farm hands off the farm. Squealer’s persuasion is powerful because he influences the animals into thinking only positive ideas about Napoleon. This shows that Squealer is very manipulative and takes advantage of his power of manipulation.Squealer keeps his power throughout the novel is by staying as an important aspect to Napoleon. Napoleon uses Squealer to go out and persuade the animals on the farm that the pigs aren’t doing anything wrong or against the rules. This is very relevant to the story because if Napoleon didn’t have Squealer to help him run the farm than Napoleon wouldn’t have too many supporters and without his supporters he wouldn’t have any power. In Animal Farm, Orwell chose the characteristics of the animals t o allegorically represent people or groups from the Russian Revolution.Napoleon plays Stalin who was a cruel ruler who used military tactics to enforce his rules. This overall represents how in Animal Farm Orwell used all of the characters to have an allegorical meaning. Squealer is a representation of the Propaganda Department, and Napoleon represents the Russian Revolutions cruel leader. Squealer’s overall goal is to persuade all of the animals to becoming loyal to Napoleon like how the propaganda department was a way of persuading the people of the Soviet Union to become loyal to Stalin.Squealer is reaching his goal one by one and gains support every time he talks to the animals. Next, in Animal Farm one of the animals who follow Napoleon and Squealer’s words is a very strong and hardworking horse named Boxer. At first, things seem to be going well. He's a hard worker, making â€Å"I will work harder† into his personal motto (ch-3). He's a brave fighter, and the narrator tells us that, during the Battle of the Cowshed, â€Å"the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion† (ch-4).But it's not enough to keep him safe. At the beginning of the novel, Old Major warns Boxer that he's disposable: â€Å"the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will send you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the fox-hounds† (ch-1). Boxer can see that—but once Jones is forced off the farm, Boxer thinks the threat is gone. He's just not smart enough to see that he's got a whole new species to worry about. Boxer worries about the farm, but he's not smart enough to figure things out on his own.Instead of thinking for himself, he decides to be loyal no matter what—to follow the Party (as in, Communist Party) line. Like, after Snowball is sent into exile, Boxer tries to think things over for himself, but all he can come up with is, â€Å"If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right,† and he takes up a new personal motto: â€Å"Napoleon is always right† (ch-5). Boxer is one of the animals who is easily persuaded and this is why the pigs think of him as a powerful disciple. Boxer absorbs everything the pigs tell him.Boxer would work so hard that it would influence the other animals to want to start and work also. This is not a good thing that is happening because when they are working on different projects on the farm they are taking orders from Napoleon and if they do that than there isn’t equality because this means that Napoleon is of a higher authority. If Napoleon is a higher rank in the social class than there isn’t equality. Boxer does not realize that he is giving up his freedom and he certainly doesn’t know that he is causing the other animals to also.He doesn’t realize this because all he does is follow Napoleons rules and work as hard as he can. Boxer motivates the other animals to work harder when the animals see him trying so hard to work. Boxer’s behavior is not typical of the animals on Animal Farm because he doesn’t ever question Napoleon like some of the other followers on the farm have. Also Boxer is not like the other animals because even though he is a follower he influenced other animals to follow in his footsteps and work harder.This shows that because Boxer is listening to Squealer he worked harder and that influences the other animals to work but also to give away their right to freedom and equality. In Conclusion, Napoleon’s second in command, also known as Squealer, persuades the animals on Animal Farm into thinking he is a wonderful leader. One of Squealer’s followers is a very work dedicated horse named Boxer. The author of this story is name Orwell and his purpose of writing this piece was to have the allegorical purpose of symbolism of the Russian R evolution.Orwell may have written this as a warning to the readers about how human behavior is when they get to much power. When someone gets too much power it goes to their head and they can’t function like they use to and may make bad decisions. From this novel the reader has learned that society is always adjusting itself. Not every situation is perfect nor can one expect perfection. However, the reader also learned that people have morals by which they hold themselves. Any leader who pushes his morals upon a group does not deserve power.

In Defense of Food Essay

In the book, In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto, author Michael Pollan commences his tale with a few straightforward words: â€Å"Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants†. In his introduction, An Eater’s Manifesto, Pollan discusses how the dietetic wisdom that was passed down from older generations has been heavily tainted by â€Å"nutritional science and food industry marketing† (Pollan, 2008). The first volume of the book entitled, The Age of Nutritionism†, delves into this problem and helps uncover the cause of today’s â€Å"nutritional confusion and anxiety† (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, it is not uncommon to have â€Å"edible foodlike substances† displayed in every aisle of the grocery store with all products promoting some kind of nutritional benefit from their consumption. These dietary facts are often modified to showcase dietary benefits that are barely present in the food product, if present at all. With such prevalent misinformation, today’s society has become so overly concerned with nutrient enriched food that people have either forgotten or are unaware of the importance of the fundamentals. Pollan further explains that humanity has become â€Å"a nation of orthorexics† meaning that people have developed â€Å"an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating† centred on the theory of nutritionism (Pollan, 2008). Chronic diseases that have the highest death rate such as obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer, can be attributed to the â€Å"Western diet† which consists of â€Å"highly processed foods and refined grains; the use of chemicals to raise plants and animals in huge monocultures; the superabundance of cheap calories of sugar and fat produced by modern agriculture; and the narrowing of the biological diversity of the human diet to a tiny handful of staple crops, notably wheat, corn, and soy† (Pollan, 2008). In the second volume entitled â€Å"The Western Diet and the diseases of Civilization†, Pollan analyzes the shift in eating habits of today versus those since the discovery of agriculture and the industrialization of food. In the third and final volume entitled, â€Å"Getting over Nutritionism†, Pollan offers helpful recommendations to healthy eating and living. These simple, easy-to-follow tips are intended to: educate society on the dangers of misleading information from food industries and medical communities; and to steer people away from the Western Diet and back to the traditional ways of preparing and consuming food. Pollan suggests for people to refrain from shopping at supermarkets and choose local farmers markets instead. However, for those with no other option, he recommends they only shop from the peripherals of the store. Some other advice that Pollan offers is to â€Å"eat mostly plants, especially leaves†, â€Å"eat like an omnivore† and â€Å"be the kind of person that takes supplements† (Pollan, 2008). He also states that people who â€Å"eat according to the rules of a traditional food culture are generally much healthier than people eating a contemporary Western diet†. This analysis is focused on the cultural traditions of food consumption where â€Å"eating is deeply rooted in nature – in human biology on one side and in the natural world on the other† (Pollan, 2008). People around the world have different relationships with food and eating. Pollan suggests that how different cultures eat plays a large role in what different cultures eat. He further proposes that American society, nowadays, has become a culture heavily focused on quantity and price rather than quality. Society has become so fixated on â€Å"low-fat† or â€Å"low-carb† options that they have failed to realize the true underlying issue of overeating. The distinction between price and quality is often the deciding factor for most American families. As a result Pollan recommends purchasing quality foods in smaller portions thus developing the pay more, eat less ideology. I found that this book provided tremendously eye-opening content. This book offers an insightful perspective surrounding the relationship between people and food; proposes how society, in particular the American culture, can start choosing healthier food options that enable us to live healthy and enjoyable lives; while bringing back the joy of eating and preparing food. I found his analysis of the history of nutritionism, the science behind what to eat and why, to be extremely informative. In particular, when Pollan discusses how the food industry develops food products heavily focused around the latest â€Å"fad† diets or so-called nutritional needs of society, it was enlightening to read his perspective as I often purchase items such as low-fat margarine over regular butter. It is outrageous that the food industry fought for many years to get the â€Å"imitation rule† removed and when modified was allowed to state â€Å"that as long as an imitation product was not â€Å"nutritionally inferior† to the natural food it sought to impersonate [and] had the same quantities of recognized nutrients—the imitation could be marketed without using the word [imitation]† (Pollan, 2008). By keeping consumers misinformed about such imperative factors that impact to our daily diets has contributed to society’s vast health issues. Moreover, the discussion about the differences between culture and food habits resonated with me because while I have lived in either England or Canada my entire life, my family lineage is from India. With this real-life example, I believe that Pollan is correct to assume the â€Å"certain cultures that consumed traditional diets based mostly on plants had strikingly low rates of chronic diseases† (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, a large portion of Westernized societies base their food choices on price and quantity over quality; so-called nutritional content geared towards weight management than overall well-being; and convenience. According to Marion Nestle, author of Food Politics, â€Å"in advertising and on supermarket shelves, [there is] fierce competition [in the food industry] for our food dollars† (Nestle, 2008). She states that the Westernized food industry is â€Å"food politics in action: watered-down government dietary advice, schools pushing soft drinks, diet supplements promoted as if they were First Amendment rights. When it comes to the mass production and consumption of food, strategic decisions are driven by economics—not science, not common sense, and certainly not health† (Nestle, 2008). The role of innovation in sustainable development should focus on more â€Å"agriculture-based methods [of food production] that have been shown to prevent food waste, help resist climate change, and promote urban farming† (Nestle, 2008). What is most important is to provide innovative products and services that are centered on humanity and that meet the needs of the consumer. Pollan does an excellent job at analyzing the problem and developing solutions based on the needs of society, particularly in America. The solution here is to revert back to the traditional way of consuming and purchasing food: local food grown by local people. Pollan encourages that people become members of a Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) program or shop for fresh produce at their local farmers markets. This local food movement enables new and soon to be farmers to provide â€Å"environmentally sustainable agriculture [while] supporting their local community and growing food that directly connects them to the consumer† (Collins, 2011). On the business perspective, CSA’s are part of â€Å"the Small Farm Movement that is growing across Europe and North America† and farmers start off by selling their products at â€Å"local farmers’ markets to test out what products the consumer is looking for, followed by building clientele and launching into a CSA† (Collins, 2011). In order for CSA’s to succeed as a sustainable innovation, farmers must understand the importance of truthful marketing and fostering relationships with their customers as the most important part of the business model. References 1) Pollan, M. (2008). In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto. Retrieved from: http://ebookbrowse. com/michael-pollan-in-defense-of-food-an-eater-s-manifesto-pdf-d341084275 2) Nestle, M. (2008). Food Politics. Retrieved from: http://www. foodpolitics. com/food-politics-how-the-food-industry-influences-nutrition-and-health/ 3) Collins, D. (2011). Community Supported Agriculture – A Unique Business Model. Retrieved from: http://www. omafra. gov. on. ca/english/crops/organic/news/2008-12a2. htm.

Ap English- the Jungle by Upton Sinclair

The wedding between Jurgis and Ona is an epitome of the various problems in Packingtown. The way the saloon keeper took advantage of the couple is representative of the dishonesty and thievery from the surrounding society. The crowd stranded outside the wedding symbolizes the helpless and hungry inhabitants of Packingtown. When the newlyweds allowed these people into the wedding they quickly transformed into an â€Å"every man for themselves† perspective. In retrospect, the disregard for others that thrived in the society by not providing a money donation to the bride and groom was prevalent. The wedding demonstrates the struggle of Packingtown’s society as well as the future it forces upon its citizens. 2. Vivid Imagery: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"These bare places were grown up with dingy, yellow weeds, hiding innumerable tomato-cans, innumerable children played upon them, chasing one another here and there, screaming and fighting. † This excerpt describes the area in which the children would play. Sinclair uses words like, â€Å"dingy† to emphasize the situation in which the kids grew up in. â€Å"One wondered about this, as also about the swarms of flies which hung about the scene, literally blackening the air, and the strange, fetid odor which assailed ones nostrils, a ghastly odor, of all the dead things of the universe. † Here Sinclair depicts the horrible situations that people had to deal with when living in Packingtown. When Sinclair talks about the flies blackening the sky, the reader is able to make a mental image of how awful the conditions were. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"One with a swift stroke cut the throat; another with two swift strokes severed the head, which fell to the floor and vanished through a hole. Another made a slit down the body; a second opened the body wider , a third with a saw cut the breast-bone; a fourth loosened the entrails; a fifth pulled them out — and they also slid through a hole in the floor. † In this passage Sinclair gives the reader a grotesque image of the working areas in Packingtown. The crude images are very descriptive and add a sense of reality to the story. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Little by little the scene grew plain: towering, black building here and there, long rows of shops and sheds, little railways branching everywhere, bare gray cinders under foot and oceans of billowing black smoke above. While describing the steel mill’s surroundings, Sinclair uses a metaphor to emphasize the environment around the building, â€Å"†¦oceans of billowing black smoke above. † †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦deafening thunder, and whistles shrieked warnings on all sides of him at once; where miniature steam-engines came rushing upon him, and sizzling, q uivering, white-hot masses of metal sped past him, and explosions of fire and flaming sparks dazzled him and scorched his face. † When describing the inner parts of the steel mills, Sinclair uses sensory words to grab the reader’s attention. Words like, â€Å"deafening†, â€Å"shrieked†, â€Å"sizzling†, â€Å"white-hot masses†, â€Å"dazzled† and â€Å"scorched,† add to the mental image portrayed when reading this passage. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦by the stage, he saw the stage, he saw three giant caldrons, big enough for all the devils of hell to brew their broth in, full of something white and blinding, bubbling and splashing, roaring as if volcanoes were blowing through it—one had to shout to be heard in the place. †In this selection the author uses very descriptive language to increase the impact of the scene. â€Å"The devils of hell to brew their broth,† this statement is very intense and strong. It is showing the ways of the steel mill as a hell-like place. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦there fell a pillar of white flame, dazzling as the sun, swishing like a huge tree in the forest. † This example shows how the author is able to use similes to validate the image. With his descriptive words the reader is able to picture the situation clearly. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å" Out of regions of wonder it streamed, the very river of life; and the soul leaped up at the sight of it, fled back upon it, swift and restless, back into far-off lands, where beauty and terror dwell. † This passage is very dramatic. The way Sinclair masterfully creates an image of a â€Å"river of life† and â€Å"the soul leaped up at the sight† is incredible. He is able to give the reader a front row perspective when reading the section. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"So amid deafening uproar it clattered to and fro, growing thinner and flatter and longer. The ingot seemed almost a living thing; it did not want to run this mad course, but it was in the grip of fate, it was tumbled upon, screeching and clanking and shivering in protest. † In this passage the author uses personification to describe the steel mill workplace. When uses this literary term he leaves the reader with a strong image of the steel mill. He gives the ingot a personality and emotion. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"By and by it was long and thin, a great red snake escaped from purgatory; and then, as it slid through the rollers, you would have sworn that it was alive — it writhed and squirmed, and wriggles and shudders passed out through its tail, all but flinging it off by their violence. † This last quote adds to the personification of the ingot. The personification used here is a clear example of Sinclair’s mind thinking, and creativity. The words used here that add to the imagery are, â€Å"squirmed†, â€Å"wiggled†, â€Å"flinging. † All of these words create vivid imagery for the reader. 3. Sympathy: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then suddenly her eyes opened one instant. One instant she looked at him there was a flash of recognition between them†¦. she faded from him, she slipped back and she was gone. † In this passage Sinclair uses emotion to pull the reader in. He gives the readers a sign of hope when Ona opens her eye, then he crushes them down when saying she is gone. The reader feels the emotion that Jurgis is feeling when dealing with the death of his wife because of Sinclair’s way of making his words into reality. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He clutched her hands, he shook her, he caught her in his arms and pressed her to him; but she lay cold and still—she was gone—she was gone! † In this passage Sinclair emphasizes the emotion of Jurgis by repeating his last few words. His use of alliteration adds an echo to an intense scene. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He gripped his hands and set his teeth together—he had not wept, and he would not—not a tear! It was past and over, and he was done with it—he would fling it off his shoulders, be free of it. † In this passage Jurgis just found out about the death of Antanas. Jurgis does not want to deal with reality, so he ignores the fact that his son is dead. This makes the reader feel sympathy towards Jurgis in his attempt to evade the truth. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"It should go like a black, hateful nightmare, and in the morning he would be new man. And every time that a thought assailed him—a tender memory, a trace of a tear—he rose up, cursing with rage, and pounded it down. This passage is another example of Jurgis’ persistency. His urge to avoid the situation gives the reader an upfront perspective. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"There should be no more tears and no more tenderness; he had had enough of them—they had sold him into slavery. † This passage helps the reader understand the struggles that Jurgis has had to deal with while in Packingtown. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å" So he went on, tearing up all the flowers from the garden of his soul, and setting his heel upon them. † This passage uses an emotional metaphor to enhance the reader’s point of view. Using flowers as Jurgis’ happiness, and saying that he has pulled them out and stomped on them, shows how depressed Jurgis is. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then, too, his health came back to him, all his lost youthful vigor, his joy and power that he had mourned and forgotten! It came with a sudden rush, bewildering him, startling him; it was as if his dead childhood had come back to him, laughing and calling! † This side of Jurgis is not recognized by the reader. His emotion here is so happy and excited that it gives the reader hope that Jurgis isn’t all bad. 4. Naturalism: â€Å"They had put him behind bars, as if he had been a wild beast, a thing without sense or reason, without rights, without affections, without feelings. † The author is comparing Jurgis to a wild animal. This is ironic because in Jurgis’ job he had to kill wild animals and enclose them. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"They could tell the whole hateful story of it, set forth the inner soul of a city in which ju stice and honor, women’s bodies and men’s souls were for sale in the market-place, and human beings writhed and fought and fell upon each other like wolves in a pit. † Sinclair compares people to fighting wolves. The beastly characteristics of wolves give the reader an image of hostility between people in society. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He nodded to her, and she came and sat by him, and they had one more drink, and then he went upstairs into a room with her, and the wild beast rose up within him and screamed, as it has screamed in the jungle from the dawn of time. † This passage is interesting because it is comparing Jurgis to an animal in the jungle. And it is ironic because the jungle is the title of the book. 5. In chapter 21, Jurgis is struggling to find his sense of stability. There is an excerpt where Sinclair proves this by writing, â€Å"To a man whose whole life had consisted of doing one certain thing all day, until he was so exhausted that he could only lie down and sleep until the next day—and to be now his own master, working as he pleased and when he pleased, and facing a new adventure every hour! † This passage shows the reader that Jurgis is finding a new way of life and realizing that he doesn’t always have to follow what the norm is. In contrast to the way of Packingtown, Jurgis’ new way of life is free and pleasant. Another contrasting issue is how Jurgis starts the book as a strong headed man. He is working hard for his family and their needs. He is positive that America will help his family and only add to their happiness. By the end of the book Jurgis has no family. America took away the only two people in his life that he loved. He begins to lose trust in people and starts to slowly become a dark and hateful man. 6. Diction: â€Å"Just what,† answered the other, â€Å"would be the productive capacity of society if the present resources of science were utilized, we have no means of ascertaining; but we may be sure it would exceed anything that would sound reasonable to minds inured to the ferocious barbarities of Capitalism. The diction used here is describing capitalism as â€Å"ferocious barbarities. † Sinclair is straight to the point when defending his opinion of being against capitalism and for socialism. Vivid Imagery: It was a monster devouring with a thousand mouths, trampling with a thousand hoofs; it was the Great Butcher — it was the spir it of Capitalism made flesh. Upon the ocean of commerce it sailed as a pirate ship; it had hoisted the black flag and declared war upon civilization. In this passage Sinclair uses intense images to enhance his opinion on Capitalism. He only thinks of Capitalism as a bad way of life with no positives. When reading the passage the reader is able to see Capitalism as a ship, sailing on the ocean, and trying to corrupt society. Juxtaposition: The working-man was to fix his hopes upon a future life, while his pockets were picked in this one; he was brought up to frugality, humility, obedience, — in short to all the pseudo-virtues of capitalism. The destiny of civilization would be decided in one final death-struggle between the Red International and the Black, between Socialism and the Roman Catholic Church; while here at home, the stygian midnight of American evangelicalism —Sinclair puts his two opposing societies in the same paragraph to emphasize his point of view. 7. In the beginning of this book Jurgis saw the stockyards as a way to get a better life for him and his family. The stockyards were Jurgis’ backbone, the main supplier of survival. When the stockyards began to reveal the truth of society, Jurgis realized he was doomed. The stockyards developed into Jurgis’ enemy. They took over his life and began to control it. He was forced to work there in order to survive, even though it disgusted him and sometimes hurt him. In the book it says, â€Å"When Jurgis had first come to the stockyards he had been as clean as any working-man could well be. But later on, what with sickness and cold and hunger and discouragement, and the filthiness of his work, and the vermin in his home, he had given up washing in winter, and in summer only as much of him as would go into a basin. † This shows how Jurgis was dependent of the stockyards, and how the stockyards neglected his needs. 8. Upton Sinclair was trying to get sympathy for the workers in Packingtown. He wanted to show the public what conditions were like and how workers suffered. He also wanted to start a socialistic movement, where society would avoid capitalism and head for socialism. But he actually only made readers want to not eat manufactured food. His descriptive scenes showed the readers the true essence of a factory. His vivid imagery, instead of getting sympathy, started a food purity movement. This book influenced people to start the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Part 2 QA: 1. Chicago 2. Buying the house 3. Phil Conner 4. Jack Duane 5. Prostitute. QUOTES: â€Å"I will work harder† – This quote is signifying constant determination that Jurgis possesses and his fear of failure. It’s significant throughout the entire book because he is always trying to make a better life for his family and loved ones and yet he continues to fail. â€Å"I did not want—to do it,† she said, â€Å"I tried—I tried not to do it. I only did it—to save us. It was our only chance. † – This shows the pure desperation of Ona’s family and their struggle to withhold a decent life. The author uses pathos to appeal to the reader’s emotion as he emphasizes their pitiful situation. In their oppressive society liberty and humanity are diminished. â€Å"It’s the second time they’ve sent me up on a trumped charge—I’ve had hard luck and can’t pay them what they want. Why don’t you quit Chicago with me Jurgis? † – This quote shows how Jurgis is ready to disregard morals and leave his life. He wants a different and better life. He is thinking about leaving Chicago and the cruel ways of the Packingtown. â€Å"When people are starving,† the other continued, â€Å"and they have anything with a price, they ought to sell it, I say. I guess you realize it now when it’s too late. Ona could have taken care of us all, in the beginning. † – This quote shows the desperation created in capitalistic system. In order to survive, the abandonment or morality and self-respect is necessary. People need to go with the system and evade original ideas. Sinclair also brings up Ona’s death to make the reader feel sorry for the family. â€Å"You know what to do about it—vote the socialistic ticket! † – This quotes juxtaposition to a paragraph that briefly displays some of the flaws in a socialistic community. It’s basically saying that socialism is the way to go. Essay Questions: 1. When people think of a jungle, they imagine struggle, hardships, a dog eat dog society, where the fittest flourish. The predator and prey in Packingtown also exemplifies the title. The ruthless winters and unsanitary conditions of Packingtown illustrate the primitive ways of a jungle. 2. No this book is not an effective piece of persuasive writing. Throughout the book Sinclair talks about the flaws of capitalism without any solutions. When socialism is finally brought up Jurgis is already starting to have a better life and doesn’t need socialism to save him. Therefore defeating the purpose. . This book should be taught in schools. Many pros of it are that it was written by an American. Also it accurately represents America at the time. Finally the main family live in America and has to deal with the struggle most families in America, at that time, had to deal with. In retrospect, the book contrast with traditional American values and beliefs. Also it pulls a negative quilt ove r the American system, portraying it as a desperate society that is in need of a change. Finally it refutes the American dream by showing death and depression in an â€Å"American family†.

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 Essay - 1

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 - Essay Example It includes a discussion of concepts relating to the meaning of work, globalization and the enterprise culture, which are significant factors that influence the existence of paid employment. Paid employment refers to work whereby the serving holds clear or understood employment agreements that offer them fundamental remuneration that is independent of the income gained by the section or department that the person works. The employer may be a business organization, government, non-profit organization or a family unit. The method of payment differs depending on the agreement. It might be in form of wages that can be paid hourly, weekly or per unit of output. Salaries are equal amounts that are paid regularly to the worker upon expiry of the agreed period; while others such as salesmen are paid by commission depending on the amount they sell (Baruch, 2006). The industrial revolution brought major changes in people’s lifestyles at the turn of the 20th century. The global society that was used to the traditional work such as small scale farming, herding, hunting and gathering was transformed in to a modern society that worked in the emerging manufacturing industries and construction and mining companies. The new industries employed millions of people in the early 20th century. Even though employment opportunities were created in the new industries, the wages that the average workers were paid were insufficient. People worked for long hours and were exposed to injuries (Norberg, 2003). During this early period of industrialization, work was structured in a scientific way whereby people were considered as essential components of the machine. They were taught simple skills that helped them perform special functions in the process of production under close supervision by owners. Under such circumstances, workers were dehumanized by the scientific management that was mainly focused on the results rather than the process of production. Performance based pay made

Opportunity cost of corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Opportunity cost of corruption - Essay Example The research is aiming to find the impact of corruption on the economy of the country and the people as individuals. What are the sources and consequences of corruption. The results are based on the empirical study and search work available on the Internet.The results of the study and research leaded to outcome that corruption is a global problem that exists at all levels. Corruption can be defined as the abuse of public power for personal ends. Corruption can be defined as use of authority or power to meet personal ends. It has always existed in the world and now-a-days is being treated as global concern. In a corrupted society, personal enrichment considerations take preference over the establishment of rights for all, resulting in biased decision making. Corruption is not confined to a State or country but is prevalent at a global level. Let's have a look at state of corruption on a worldwide scale. The figures are indeed shocking. According to the Asian Development Bank, one East Asian country is estimated to have lost $48 billion over 20 years due to corruption, surpassing its entire foreign debt of $40.6 billion. It has been calculated that as much as $30 billion in aid for Africa has ended up not in Africa, but in foreign bank accounts. Thirty billion dollars is twice the annual gross domestic product of Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda combined. Corruption, it turns out, costs many governments as much as 50 percent of their tax revenues1. 2. Effects of Corruption When the effects of the corruption are considered they cannot be shown as a direct relation ship with the economic changes. The negative changes in the economy due to the corrupt ideas and deeds can be connected with each other to estimate cost of corruption. For example the subprime market is overloaded with bad loans that smashed the holes into a financial ship. This is due to the fact that the banks are giving loans to the borrowers without substantial proof of their income sources. The disbursal of loans without substantial proof or guarantee will result in bad loans. The loans that are given to the borrowers who have no source to pay are due to corruption. This resulted in 40 percent of sub prime market is made up of these loans. The appraisal will be fraudulent when the officers are corrupted and it costs the bank or any financial organization thousands and millions of dollars in the form of non profitable assets. This in turn will halt or slows down the growth of the economy i n the near future. When the loans are going bad the mortgage companies are making lot of money and the banks are at receiving end. These companies are spending few million dollars and are making money from billions of mortgage loans. As long as the artificial rise of the property continued the